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Description
SS-31 (Elamipretide)SS 31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria targeted tetrapeptide composed of the amino acid sequence D Arg dimethylTyr Lys Phe NH. It belongs to the class of SzetoSchiller (SS) peptides, a group of small aromatic cationic peptides designed to selectively localize within the inner mitochondrial membrane. Unlike many mitochondria targeting compounds that rely on membrane potential, SS 31 interacts directly with cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide composed of the amino acid sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂. It belongs to the class of Szeto–Schiller (SS) peptides, a group of small aromatic-cationic peptides designed to selectively localize within the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Unlike many mitochondria-targeting compounds that rely on membrane potential, SS-31 interacts directly with cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to the inner mitochondrial membrane that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure and function of the electron transport chain (ETC). Through this interaction, SS-31 has been studied for its ability to stabilize mitochondrial membranes, improve electron transport efficiency, and reduce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Preclinical and clinical research has investigated SS-31 for its potential role in conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including metabolic disorders, cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, skeletal muscle fatigue, and age-related mitochondrial decline. In pharmaceutical development, the peptide is commonly referred to as Elamipretide.
Due to its small size and cationic-aromatic structure, SS-31 is capable of rapid cellular uptake and mitochondrial penetration, allowing it to localize within mitochondria without requiring specialized transport mechanisms.
SS-31 is typically manufactured using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and supplied in lyophilized form to preserve stability during storage and transport.
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