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Jamal Abdul Nasir The Cairo Document محمد حسنین ہیکل

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Jamal Abdul Nasir The Cairo Document محمد حسنین ہیکل15 1918 23 1952 89 1954 1956 18 1970 Pages 400

جمال عبد الناصر سکندریہ کے محلے باکوس کی کچی آبادی میں واقع ایک کچے مکان میں 15 جنوری 1918ء میں پیدا ہوئے ان کے والد محکمہ ڈاک میں پوسٹ ماسٹر تھے۔ ابتدائی تعلیم سمندر کے کنارے ایک چھوٹے سے گاؤں الخطاطیبہ میں حاصل کی ہائی سکول کی تعلیم کیلئے قاہرہ میں اپنے چا کے پاس چلے گئے جو حال ہی میں برطانوی قید سے رہا ہوئے تھے۔ ہائی سکول مکمل کرنے کے بعد قانون کی تعلیم کیلئے لاء کالج میں داخل ہوئے یہاں سے رائل ملٹری اکیڈمی چلے گئے اور فوج میں کمیشن حاصل کر لیا۔

23 جولائی 1952ء میں جمال عبد الناصر اور 89 دوسرے فوجی افسران نے پر امن انقلاب کے ذریعے شاہ فاروق کے اقتدار کا خاتمہ کر دیا اور شاہ فاروق کو ملک بدر کرد انجیب کو مصر کا کٹھ پتلی حکمر ان مکرر کیا گیا جس کی ڈوریاں جمال عبدالناصر کے زیر کمان کام کرنے والی گیارہ رکنی کمانڈ کونسل ۔ میں تھیں۔ 1954ء کے اوائل میں جنرل نجیب کو گھر میں نظر بند کر دیا گیا اور حکومت کی باگ دوڑ براہ راست جمال عبدالناصر نے سنھبال لی ۔ جنوری 1956 ء میں انہوں نے مصر کو سوشلسٹ عرب ریاست قرار دیا اور جون کے انتخابات میں مصر کے صدر منتخب ہو گئے ۔

جمال عبدالناصر کی سب سے بڑی کامیابی اپنے طاقتور مخالفین جن میں کیمونسٹ یہودی، مسلم انتہا پسند پرانی سیاسی پارٹیاں مخالف فوجی عناصر ز مین سے محروم کئے گئے جاگیردار اور برطانوی کالونی کے باقیات شامل تھے کی موجودگی میں 18 سال تک اپنے آپ کو بلا شرکت غیرے مصر کا واحد سیاسی رہنما تسلیم کروائے رکھنا ہے۔ اگر چہ اپنی عوامی زندگی میں جمال عبدالناصر ایک انقلابی اور شدت پسند لیڈر کے طور پر نظر آتے ہیں لیکن ذاتی زندگی میں وہ ایک روایت پسند سادہ انسان تھے۔ کوئی بھی دوسرا عرب لیڈر عرب عوام کی ایسی والہانہ محبت اور حمایت حاصل نہیں کر سکا جو جمال عبد الناصر کو اپنے اقتدار کے آخری پندرہ سالوں میں حاصل رہی۔ دو جنگوں میں بری طرح شکست سے دوچار ہونے کے باوجود جو مصر کی مکمل تباہی و بربادی کا باعث بنیں ان کی عوامی مقبولیت میں کوئی کمی نہ آسکی ۔ وہ ہمیں ایک ایسے دیو ملائی حکمران کے طور پر نظر آتے ہیں جس کی مثال مصر کی ہزاروں سالہ تاریخ میں کہیں نہیں ملتی۔ لیکن اپنی تمام تر سحر انگیزی اور خداداد صلاحیتوں کے باوجود وہ اپنے متحدہ عرب دنیا “ کے خواب کو شرمندہ تعبیر نہ کر سکے اور 1970 ء میں اپنی موت سے پہلے سوویت یونین کی عسکری حمایت کی خاطر انہیں مصر کی سیاسی آزادی کی بھی کسی حد تک قربانی دینا پڑی۔

Pages 400

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