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Description
Rat TNF-α ELISA KitProduct Specification Species Reactivity Rat Theory This kit adopts double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent detection technology. Specific anti rat TNF antibodies were pre coated on high affinity enzyme plates. The standard substance, the sample to be tested and the biotinylated detection antibody are added to the well of the enzyme label plate, and after incubation, TNF present in the sample binds to the solid phase antibody and the
Product Specification
| Species Reactivity | Rat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Theory | This kit adopts double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection technology. Specific anti-rat TNF-α antibodies were pre-coated on high affinity enzyme plates. The standard substance, the sample to be tested and the biotinylated detection antibody are added to the well of the enzyme label plate, and after incubation, TNF-α present in the sample binds to the solid phase antibody and the detection antibody to form an immune complex. After washing to remove unbound material, horseradish peroxidase-labeled Streptavidin-HRP was added. After washing, a chromogenic substrate is added to protect the color from light. A stop solution was added to stop the reaction, and the absorbance value was measured at a wavelength of 450 nm (reference calibration wavelength of 540 nm or 570 nm). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
Please use it within the validity period of the kit (new and old products are shipped randomly)
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| Background | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), also known as cachectin and TNFSF1A, is the prototype ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, immune system development, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. TNF-α is also implicated in a number of pathological conditions, including asthma, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathic pain, obesity, type 2 diabetes, septic shock, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Rat TNF-alpha is a 26kDa type II transmembrane protein, which consists of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane fragment, and a 156 aa extracellular domain (ECD). In ECD, rat TNF-alpha has 95% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and 73%-79% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, canine, cotton rat, horse, cat, human, macaque, and pig TNF-alpha. It is produced by a variety of immune cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and tumor cells. TNF-α assembles intracellularly to form non-covalently linked homotrimers expressed on the cell surface. Cell surface TNF-α can not only induce lysis of tumor cells and virus-infected cells, but also produce its own downstream cell signaling after ligation through soluble TNFRI. TACE/ADAM17 releases membrane-bound TNF-α to release a bioactive cytokine, which is a 55 kDa soluble trimer of the extracellular domain of TNF-α. TNF-α binds to the ubiquitous 55-60 kDa TNFRI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted 78-80 kDa TNFRII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers. Both type I and type II receptors bind TNF-α with comparable affinity and can promote NFκB activation. However, only TNF RI contains a cytoplasmic death domain, which triggers the activation of apoptosis. Soluble forms of both types of receptors are released into human serum and urine and can neutralize the biological activity of TNF-α. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Please use the kit within the validity period. 2. The components of different kits and different batch kits cannot be mixed. 3. If the sample value is greater than the highest value of the standard curve, the sample should be diluted with diluent (1 ×) and re-tested; If the cell culture supernatant sample needs to be distributed and diluted, cell culture medium can be used for other intermediate dilutions except dilution with diluent (1 ×) in the last step. 4. Differences in test results can be caused by a variety of factors, including the operation of the experimenter, the use of the pipette, the plate washing technique, the reaction time or temperature, the storage of the kit, etc. 5. The terminating solution in the kit is an acidic solution. Please protect your glasses, hands, face and clothes when using it. 6. For scientific research only, not for in vitro diagnosis. |
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| Storage Temp. | Kit unopened, stored at 2-8 °C. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 62.5pg/mL-4000pg/mL |
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4.5 ★★★★★
Based on 5 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Nice shape, highly polished, 200ml, 5+ stars.
Size: 6.8oz/200ml Silver
Very nice, highly polished with the feel of quality for the price.
I'm very much an amateur barista. A trip to Italy inspired me to buy an espresso machine. I gained a whole new respect for coffee in Europe. The pitcher with my machine was too big to copy the Euro style cafe. Small quantities of milk were too shallow to froth properly even when tilting. The barista I watched in Italy was using a small pitcher so I decided to buy the 200ml version. It's a perfect size allowing a small amount of milk to be deep enough to froth. I brought back some roasted Italian coffee beans back to USA and wow! I'm very much a beginner but having fun.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 3, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Incredible quality, just buy the right size (I did not)
Color: A Silver, Size: 12 Ounces, Color: A Silver, Size: 12 Ounces
For anyone interested in this product, here’s a quick guide (from a coffee snob)
• 12oz (what I got, pictured) - fine for small drinks (standard mug) at home. one drink, and you never plan on using this for any larger drinks
• 20oz - the home kitchen sweet spot. if you’re filling a Stanley or Yeti traveler this is probably your size. One caveat, you’ll have no wiggle room and will be maxing your milk froth to the brim. if you like cappuccino’s get the 32oz.
• 32oz - this is what’s behind the counter at every coffee shop you’ve ever been to. if you’ve worked a bar shift at Starbucks you’ve held this pitcher a thousand times. If you like a lot of foam (cappuccinos) i would suggest anyone serious about at home use to get this one.
I’ve worked in coffee shops since I was like 16 and I still ordered the 12oz like a complete idiot. I posted comparison photos if you want a good laugh. The pitcher is smaller than a regular coffee mug. Not a travel mug, not a big mug, just a normal everyday mug. Bigger than the pitcher. I measured nothing and paid the price.
Returning it and ordering the 32oz of the same exact pitcher so that should tell you the quality is legit. Feels exactly like what we used behind the bar, well made, solid, nothing cheap about it. Just bought the wrong size.
For anyone also about to make my mistake: the 12oz works if you’re making one small drink at home and that’s it. The 20oz is probably the right call for most people, fills a Stanley or Yeti no problem. The 32oz is the coffee shop size, if you’ve ever worked a bar at Starbucks or anywhere else you’ve used that size a thousand times and it’ll feel right immediately.
Great pitcher. Wrong size. My fault entirely.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 10, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Excellent in every respect, regardless of price. Just get the right size for your needs.
Color: A Silver, Size: 12 Ounces
Over time I've accumulated several milk steaming pitchers, a few of which were 3 or 4x the price, and yet I keep coming back to this one. The build quality is surprisingly high, the volume markings are very clearly etched on the inside and easy to read, it has a nice no-drip spout for pouring, and it still looks as good as new after daily use; No sign of wear and tear or staining on the metal even with high heat milk steaming. This is one of those rare low price/high quality products I only rarely run across.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 8, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Lovely milk pitcher
Color: A Silver, Size: 12 Ounces, Color: A Silver, Size: 12 Ounces
This milk pitcher is so durable and light weight. Its great value for money and feels expensive. Its easy to use and also easy to clean. It pours very well and fits perfectly on my coffee machine.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 2, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Great for single drinks, high quality
Color: A Silver, Size: 12 Ounces
High quality milk frother pitcher. A bit smaller than I expected but great for making single size drinks. High quality stainless that holds heat well and is easy to clean. Great value for the price for making quick single drinks with your espresso maker
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Reviewed in the United States on January 4, 2026
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