SKU: 17925295162

American Gas Lamp Works Vienna 1000H 11" Nouveau Silver Residential Post Mount Aluminum Natural Gas Lamp With Dual Inverted Gas Mantle Light Assembly, Flat Tempered Glass Panes and Small Ball Finial

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Description

American Gas Lamp Works Vienna 1000H 11" Nouveau Silver Residential Post Mount Aluminum Natural Gas Lamp With Dual Inverted Gas Mantle Light Assembly, Flat Tempered Glass Panes and Small Ball FinialOur Vienna lamp embodies the classic lines of our Gothic Lamp but in a more discreet design. With one look, you can feel the elegance of Vienna flow through this design. For centuries, the Vienna street light design lit the winding, stone paved streets of the Austrian Empire, providing illumination for carriage rides and romantic walks. The perfect fit for your traditional, Tudor, and colonial designs. Create an inviting outdoor space with the

Our Vienna lamp embodies the classic lines of our Gothic Lamp but in a more discreet design.

With one look, you can feel the elegance of Vienna flow through this design. For centuries, the Vienna street light design lit the winding, stone-paved streets of the Austrian Empire, providing illumination for carriage rides and romantic walks. The perfect fit for your traditional, Tudor, and colonial designs.

Create an inviting outdoor space with the timeless appeal of Vienna-style lighting from American Gas Lamp Works that can be mounted as a wall sconce or connected to a post or pier. This durable, weatherproof lamp has been thoughtfully designed to complement any style, boasting an updated clear glass lens, flat pane, and classic finishes in Timeless Black and Noble Bronze.

What's Included

  • Lamp Head
  • Light Assembly
  • Glass Panes
  • Finial

Not Included (Sold Separately)

  • Post

Features

  • 6 sided, sand cast aluminum
  • Certified valve
  • Available in post-mount, pier-mount and wall-mount installation types
  • Available in gas and electric models with different light assembly options
  • Available with flat or beveled tempered glass panes
  • Available with different finial options
  • Available in six finishes
  • Fits standard 3" outside diameter post (sold separately)

Specifications

Brand American Gas Lamp Works
Model Vienna
Model Number 1000H
Product Type Lamp
Lamp Type Residential
Fuel Type Natural Gas
Width 11"
Height 23.25"
Depth 11"
Installation Type Post Mount
Finish Nouveau Silver
Light Assembly Dual Inverted Gas Mantle Burner
Glass Panes Flat Tempered Glass (6)
Finial Small Ball
BTU/hr Input 2200
Gas Use/Month 1,584 cu.ft.

Technical Dimensions

Warranty

American Gas Lamp Works LLC (“AGLW”) warrants that its gas and electric lighting fixtures (the “Product”) will be free from defects in material and workmanship from the date of manufacture by AGLW for the following periods:


Aluminum Housing and Aluminum Posts Lifetime
Natural Gas Burner Assembly Five Years
Automatic Ignition One Year
Electric Socket Assembly Five Years
GasGlow® LED Two Years
Powder Coated Finish One Year against peeling/cracking
Glass or Mantles None

Documents & Files

Videos

Frequently Asked Questions

Are gas lamps safe?

Yes! American Gas Lamp Works gas and electric lamps employ well-proven designs and technologies. Gas lighting actually pre-dates electric lighting by several decades, and the Welsbach mantle lighting system has been used the world over for more than a century. You should keep in mind that gas lamps do get hot and should not be placed where they can be touched by children or animals.

What types of gas do your lamps use?

Our open flickering flame gas lamps can be equipped for use with natural gas (NG) ONLY. Our Welsbach mantle gas lamps can be equipped for use with natural gas (NG) or liquid propane (LP). Our electric lamps require 120V electric.

Can open flame be used with liquid propane (LP) gas?

Our open flame gas lamps are only available when fueled by natural gas; they are not compatible with liquid propane. The only option for LP gas is our gas mantle burner, which is similar to what you see in a Coleman camping lantern. It uses mesh mantles to provide a solid, white light, like a light bulb. Mantle burners are intended to burn 24/7 and do not flicker like a flame.

How much gas do AGLW fixtures burn when operating?

The amount of gas your lamps will use depends on the type of gas and burner you’re using. Please refer to our BTUs and Gas Facts page below for gas usage along various configurations.

How do you turn a gas lamp on and off?

All AGLW gas lamps include a manual ignition valve, located in the collar of the fixture, just below the burner. To light the lamp, simply turn the valve a 1/4 turn with a flathead tool (like a screwdriver) and ignite the burner inside the lamp with a long lighter.

We recommend leaving gas lamps burning 24 hours a day to reduce wear-and-tear of the components and to keep the gas line warm, preventing any buildup of debris or insects that may effect proper gas flow.

When using an open flame burner with Natural Gas, you may add an electronic ignition system for an upcharge. This requires both Natural Gas and 110/120V electric be run to each fixture and will allow you to control the flame with a light switch or a timer.

The electronic ignition system can only be purchased from AGLW in a new lamp.


How much light do American Gas Lamp Works fixtures produce?

First, please keep in mind that open flame lamps are designed to produce a gentle, flickering light that is intended principally for ambiance rather than illumination. They are perfect for accent lighting and for creating a unique environment, but open flame lamps should not be counted on as a primary light source.

Gas mantle lamps, GasGlow® LED and electric candelabra base lamps produce bright light and can be a primary illumination source. As a rule of thumb, each gas mantle and GasGlow® LED mantle produces the equivalent light output of a 50-watt incandescent electric bulb. As a result, a quad-mantle gas lamp or GasGlow® LED would produce light equivalent to about two 100-watt incandescent bulbs.

Can wind affect gas lamp performance?

American Gas Lamp Works gas fixtures are designed to perform in normal wind conditions, but both gas mantle and open flame gas lamps can blow out in strong winds. Several factors play into the susceptibility of specific lamps to wind, including the location of the lamp on a site or building and the wind patterns in your area.

What are your lights made from?

Our lamps are custom made from commercial grade sand-cast aluminum and heavy-gauge copper. Our lamps are built to last for generations. Please visit one of our dealers to experience first-hand the difference between our foundry craftsmanship and mass-produced fixtures.

Can I return a product if I don’t like it or it doesn’t fit?

All AGLW products are custom-made specific to your order. Due to the customized nature of our products, returns are accepted for product defects only.

What is the difference between gas mantle and open flame gas lamps?

Gas mantle lamps utilize incandescent gas mantles as their source of illumination. Traditionally known as Welsbach mantles for their inventor, Carl Auer von Welsbach, gas mantles generate a bright, steady white light when heated by a flame. Gas mantle fixtures can be configured as dual-, triple-, or quad-mantle lamps, depending on your lamp size and lighting requirements. Alternatively, open flame gas lamps emit a softer, flickering glow similar to that of a candle. Open flame gas fixtures are preferable where you’d like the ambiance of old-fashioned gas light but do not need significant light output.

Are American Gas Lamp Works fixtures certified?

Yes! All AGLW lamps are certified to the most rigorous ANSI standards and carry either an ETL or UL Listing.

Are you a real American manufacturer or just an online marketer?

The American Gas Lamp Works and its predecessor, Gas-Lite Manufacturing, have been designing and manufacturing natural gas and faux gas lighting for over fifty years. Our manufacturing operations are located near Pittsburgh, PA, in the town of New Kensington, PA. Our lamps are manufactured by skilled foundrymen and craftsmen, as they have been for generations.

Where should I consider installing American Gas Lamp Works lamps?

Most gas lamps, whether gas mantle or open flame, are used to accent the exterior of a home or building. Our lamps and torches add drama and excitement to entrances, outdoor entertainment areas, walkways and drives. AGLW gas lamps can be mounted next to doorways, on walls, on posts, or on decorative piers. AGLW’s GasGlow® LED and electric candelabra lamps, which use electric energy, can be mounted almost anywhere, including the interior of homes and businesses.

Who can install my American Gas Lamp Works light fixtures?

Depending on the type of fuel you choose, gas or electric, we recommend that you coordinate installation with trained professional personnel. For AGLW gas lamps, please use a professional gas lighting specialist or an experienced local plumber. Our GasGlow® LED and electric candelabra fixtures can be installed by an electrician for dependable service. We recommend that you order your lamp early in the construction process so both the plumber and electrician are familiar with your lamp and its requirements at rough in. Most of our lamps are equipped with tempered glass to protect against thermal and physical shock.


What mounting options do you offer?

All of our lamps can be post-, pier-, or wall-mounted, and all of our mounts can be powder coated to match the finish you select for your lamp fixtures.

What kind of clearance is required for installing a gas lamp?

The minimum top clearance, from the lamp roof, should be no less than twelve (12) inches from any combustible surface. The clearance from any side should be no less than six (6) inches from any combustible surface.

What size gas line fitting is needed for the actual installation of a gas lamp?

For installations less than 200 feet in length, you will need to run a standard 3/8th inch copper line from your gas main to the base of the lamp fixture or lamp post. This feed line will then reduce to a ¼ inch copper flared line and flared fitting at the base of the post or mount.

How do I install a post for a post mount lamp?

Dig a hole in the ground that is approximately eight (8) inches wide and twenty-four (24) inches deep. Set the bottom of the post in the center of the hole. Pour concrete around the post to just below the level of the gas line access hole. Proper fitting for underground gas line will be a ¼ inch gas line through the post.

How do you turn a gas lamp on or off?

All of our gas lamps and torches are equipped with manual ignition, which is controlled via the gas valve, located in the collar of the fixture. A 1/4 turn of the valve will allow the user to open the valve and for gas to pass through. Applying direct flame to the burner inside the lamp will then ignite the flame or mantles. A 1/4 turn of the valve in the opposite direction will close the valve, causing the flame or mantles to go out.

Can American Gas Lamp Works configure my lamps to burn liquid propane (LP) gas?

All of our fixtures equipped with gas mantle burners can be configured for use with Natural Gas or Liquid Propane. Our open flame burners are compatible with Natural Gas ONLY. Please specify the type of gas you’ll be using when ordering. Operating a lamp equipped with a natural gas burner on propane can cause excessive heat and smoking and should be avoided.

Tips for Gas Lamp Maintenance

For Gas Lamps:

We recommend coordinating installation or service of gas lamps and lines with trained professional personnel. Please contact your local plumber, professional gas lighting specialist, or HVAC provider to schedule an installation or service appointment.

Professional gas specialists can often be found at retail stores that offer gas products. For example, a hearth & grill, fireplace, or pool & patio shop that sells gas grills, gas fireplaces, gas logs, gas torches, etc. Often times, these locations will have a service department with certified or experienced gas specialists who you may schedule an installation or service appointment with for your gas lamp.

To locate a specialist, please refer to a local directory.

- Gas Mantle Lamps:

Gas mantle lamps are rugged, durable fixtures that can last for generations. However, they require minor maintenance that is best performed by a professional service person. In general, we recommend the following:

  • Replace your gas mantles at least once per year, and at any time they are no longer fully intact.
  • Clean glass and remove debris twice per year. Removing debris will enhance the air flow around your mantles and improve their performance.
  • Use only authentic, hard, preformed mantles in your lamp. Hard mantles will produce more light, last longer, and retain their shape much longer than “soft” mantles at a very small additional cost.
  • Blow out the gas lines annually to ensure proper natural gas supply to your lamp.

- Open Flame Gas Lamps:

Open Flame illumination is for the discerning homeowner looking to infuse an outdoor setting with the warm, flickering light of an open gas flame. American Gas Lamp Works’ open flame gas lamps provide a dramatic ambiance to outdoor settings, entrances, and walkways. We recommend the following routine maintenance for your open flame lamp, best performed by a professional service person:

  • Clean glass and remove debris at least twice per year. Removing debris will enhance the air flow around the burner and improve its performance.
  • Clean the open flame burner tip at least twice per year. Run a piece of fine dental floss or use a wire brush to remove any debris or soot that’s settled in the burner tip.
  • Position the gas valve between 50-75% open, to where the bottom of the flame is touching the tip of the burner. Opening the valve too far can create an air pocket between the burner tip and the bottom of the flame, which can cause frequent blowouts.
  • Adjust the flame by inserting a flat head tool or screwdriver through the valve access hole in the collar of the lamp. Turn the valve slowly to adjust the height and shape of the flame.

Please note: Turning the valve too fast or too far can cause the flame to extinguish. If the flame extinguishes, turn the valve to the OFF position and following the re-lighting instructions.


Shipping Notes
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Exchange/Return Notes
  • We offer a 30-day return/exchange service after receiving.
  • Final sale items are not eligible for returns or exchanges.
  • To process your return/exchange, please contact us at [email protected]
  • Please click here for more details>>> Return & Exchange Policy
SKU: 17925295162

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4.2 ★★★★★
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C
Verified Purchase
Connie Jones
Charlottesville, US
★★★★★ 5
Transcends the Historiography on the Constitution
Format: Hardcover
“This is the most important book to be written on the Constitution since Gordon Wood’s Creation.”
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on May 9, 2020
M
moxielady
Birmingham, US
★★★★★ 2
I Really Wanted to Like This, But...
Format: Audiobook
My 2 star review is entirely due to the audio performance. While the premise and scholarly research in this book is fascinating, the narration is anything but. The narrator speaks, and at times even PERFORMS, every "quote" and "unquote" no matter where they are in the text. In a long (20 hours) book relying heavily on quotations, this narrative choice dramatically detracts from the listener's ability to absorb the material. One wonders why he doesn't say, "period," after every sentence! In addition, he sounds like he's spraying a lot of spit at the mike while speaking. Yes, euw. I listen to 3-8 audiobooks a week, and have done so since the early 1990s, so this isn't my first, or even my first scholarly, audiobook. The better narrators designate quoted text with a shift in vocal tone or slight pause. If you are considering this book, I hope you choose the print version.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 5, 2021
A
Grantham, US
★★★★★ 3
Good to excellent content - terrible publishing policy
Format: Hardcover
Lewis (Not "Flewis") wrote a decent text a number of years ago. It was then expanded to a companion volume (Analytical Sedimentology) with another author. The two nicely complement each other but the mind boggles at a price of almost $100 per each. The publisher has clearly made little effort to control the cost. Redundancy between the two volumes is excessive, hard cover rather than soft is used and, indeed, both could easily have been combined in one less pricey volume. A valuable resource to students and professionals has therefore been compromised by publisher, author or both due to ignorance, greed or stupidity. A terrible shame!
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Reviewed in the United States on January 5, 1998
J
Verified Purchase
JMB1014
Dallas, US
★★★★★ 5
An Excellent Introduction to Legal and Constitutional Reasoning
Format: Hardcover
This is an excellent introductory volume for people who feel confused by the debate over "original intent" versus a "living Constitution." David A. Strauss is a law professor at the University of Chicago. His book is a quick read (139 pages), with no notes, bibliography or other impedimenta - just an index. It's a very lucid explanation of legal reasoning and how the Supreme Court has followed this basic process over time. Hence the "living constitution" is really just an instance of the English common law tradition functioning normally. This book will teach many Americans how legal reasoning actually operates in practice. It is a common-sensical and conservative process that seeks at once to promote predictability and fairness. By and large, it has worked well. The phrase "living Constitution" has been denigrated by people who seek to turn back the calendar to a day when more "traditional" values were imposed by law. In so doing, they have invoked an historical fiction, the "original intent" of the framers of the Constitution. The myriad problems arising from this effort, if not its disingenuousness, have been discussed with insight and erudition by such excellent minds as Jack Rakove ("Original Meanings")and Akhil Reed Amar ("The Bill of Rights," and "The American Constitution: A Biography"), to name just two. The real point of this book, I think, is to explain basic legal reasoning to a mass audience. This does a great service. It also shows how naturally the common law evolves, how it tends to restrain judicial activism and yet to permit flexibility as times and circumstances change. As Dean Roscoe Pound of the Harvard Law School put it in his book, "The Spirit of the Common Law," the common law is "essentially a mode of judicial and juristic thinking, a mode of treating legal problems rather than a fixed body of definite rules...." This is a critical distinction. Some so-called conservatives insist that judges must simply apply the law like automatons, as if it were a "fixed body of definite rules." They then seek to enlist the founding fathers in declaring what those rules are, or how definite they must be. But as Dean Pound and centuries of legal history demonstrate, this notion is far removed from the truth, and remote from any useful notion of adjudication. All Anglophone law schools, lawyers and judges are engaged in the process Dean Pound discusses. The common law tradition arose in England over the course of centuries. We imported it to this country in part because it was workable and practical, and because it was brilliantly and systematically expounded by Chief Justice Edward Coke in the 17th century and by Lord William Blackstone shortly before the American Revolution. No one would suggest that the common law tradition means the law is the captive of judges' subjective whims. Such an assertion would have sounded ludicrous to the English as well as to the founders. But as Strauss - and volumes of legal history - unsurprisingly demonstrate, the common law tradition is the key to constitutional interpretation. The common law is an inherently conservative instrument. It evolves incrementally. Those who complain about the "living Constitution" argue that judges merely rule according to their subjective prejudices. They contend that it is the legislative branch that should be charged with interpreting the Constitution. Of course, all three branches of government must interpret the Constitution from time to time. But the legislative branch should not have the last word in determining whether its own enactments meet constitutional scrutiny: To borrow from Chief Justice Coke, no one (including the legislature) may be the judge of his own cause. The function of determining whether legislation conforms to the Constitution has been and still is wisely confided to the courts, which by virtue of centuries of practice (as reflected in published opinions) have substantial expertise in the area and are independent. One also hears complaints that judges are insulated from reality. But courts are not insulated - they are independent. And they are independent precisely so they are not subject to being influenced by lobbyists or terrified by a challenger in a primary election. To show how the common law works, Strauss discusses the evolution of constitutional thought in relation to two major issues: freedom of speech and segregation in public schools. He explains how the "clear and present danger" test in freedom of speech cases evolved, implicating not just such considerations as the threat of imminent harm, but also that some kinds of speech have lower societal value (libel, obscenity, fighting words), while other kinds of speech have more societal value (great literature, political speech). Strauss goes on to discuss how Brown v. Board of Education (1954) was far less a radical overturning of an entrenched precedent, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), than a logical step in the development of the law. In so doing, he uses an example from the law of torts, where customers injured by dangerous products originally were barred from suing the manufacturer unless they had a contractual relationship with it. At first, the fact that a product was inherently dangerous overcame the requirement of a contractual relationship. As it became harder to draw a line between ordinary products and those that were inherently dangerous, however, the old requirement of a contractual relationship was found to have outworn its purpose and customers were permitted to sue the manufacturer who had created a foreseeable risk of harm. Thus, in products liability cases, as in racial equality cases, the law evolved to meet the new demands posed by changed circumstances. Strauss shows the development of the law by discussing cases on racial equality decided after Plessy that gradually undercut the Plessy decision until it was no longer tenable. Strauss does what law professors do every day: teach the law by showing how it evolved. His explanation, however, is so concise and clear that it makes the discussion seem not just sensible but compelling. Thus we see that the law works. As Strauss points out, we never wrangle over some constitutional issues because they are cut and dried (you have to be 30 years old to be a senator) or because certainty is required (January 20 is the day the new president takes office, no matter how unstable the current domestic or world situation). Other provisions require more effort to interpret, but this is because the founders brilliantly provided that some matters could be spelled out specifically in advance, while others would have to be expressed in more general terms, which could be adjusted to changing needs and times (e.g., the "necessary and proper" clause in Article I, Sec. 8). Interestingly, Strauss does not consider amendments to the Constitution to be part of what makes it a living document, since the amendment process is so onerous, slow, and seldom used. He points out how some amendments merely ratified the status quo, or served to clean up outliers, resolved technical issues, or were ahead of their time. As he offers these judgments, which seem balanced and reasonable, he also explains some of the less familiar amendments in a way that will have readers raising their eyebrows and saying "Oh, so that's where that came from." At the outset of the book, Strauss sets out three objections to originalism: That it is often, as a practical matter, impossible even for professional historians to discover what the intentions were of various founders with respect to matters discussed in the Constitution. That even if an intent of the founders could be discovered, it would pertain to the understanding they had about their world: how does one go about trying to fit that understanding to our world? That as Thomas Jefferson pointed out, one generation is to another as one sovereign nation is to another. The world belongs to the living. The notions of people long dead cannot bind us in the present or future. Strauss correctly observes that the third of these objections is by itself fatal to originalism. The founders were not so impressed with themselves that they felt their "intentions" should be forever imposed on posterity. Had they been dedicated to such a dubious project, they would surely have done a better job of documenting their debates and compromises during the Philadelphia convention. But little remains of those deliberations aside from the notes kept by James Madison. The Constitution, moreover, reflects their understanding that the future could not be shackled forever to the time in which they lived. They realized that the slave trade, for example, would prove intolerable and therefore provided that it could be abolished by at least 1808. So was their "original intent" to permit the slave trade, or was it that the slave trade should be abolished? And what does this say, if anything, about their intentions toward the institution of slavery - a word that did not even appear in the Constitution until the Thirteenth Amendment was adopted in 1865? Most damning of all to the originalist position is what Thomas Jefferson said on the subject. In a letter dated July 12, 1816, to Samuel Kercheval, Jefferson wrote "Some men look at constitutions with sanctimonious reverence, and deem them like the arc of the covenant, too sacred to be touched. They ascribe to the men of the preceding age a wisdom more than human, and suppose what they did to be beyond amendment. I knew that age well; I belonged to it, and labored with it. It deserved well of its country. It was very like the present, but without the experience of the present; and forty years of experience in government is worth a century of book-reading; and this they would say themselves, were they to rise from the dead. I am certainly not an advocate for frequent and untried changes in laws and constitutions. I think moderate imperfections had better be borne with; because, when once known, we accommodate ourselves to them, and find practical means of correcting their ill effects. But I know also, that laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. As that becomes more developed, more enlightened, as new discoveries are made, new truths disclosed, and manners and opinions change with the change of circumstances, institutions must advance also, and keep pace with the times. We might as well require a man to wear still the coat which fitted him when a boy, as civilized society to remain ever under the regimen of their barbarous ancestors." He added, "Let us follow no such examples nor weakly believe that one generation is not as capable as another of taking care of itself, and of ordering its own affairs." He even called for revision of the constitution at stated periods. While originalists would love to claim Jefferson as one of their own, his words - and indeed his whole life - prove that he was completely at odds with their approach. Men like Jefferson and Franklin, who were devotees of science, were fascinated by the progress men could make in trying to understand and improve their lives. Jefferson was an eager student of nature and did considerable experimentation with crops on his plantation. He famously wrote his "Notes on the State of Virginia" to refute the widely read claims of the French naturalist Buffon about the supposedly weak, degenerate, and insipid life forms to be found in the New World. The idea that such men, who were committed to the growth of knowledge, would seek to confine all future generations to the limited understanding they possessed of the universe in 1787, is worse than laughable. It can only be explained by the polemical purposes of those whose arguments for a regressive social order are so feeble that they have to seek refuge behind an imaginary "original intent" that they erect - as if the founders wanted their limited knowledge and often unarticulated, conflicting, or ambivalent intentions to restrict the great national experiment forever. Given the explicit language of Thomas Jefferson, quoted above, it is apparent that "originalism" actually belies and defies the express intent of Jefferson, one of the most eminent of the founders. It seems paradoxical but it was his original intent that his original intent should not govern future generations! Original intent also appears anomalously restrictive when one considers that the founders never contemplated the existence of an Air Force, though they expressly provided for the Army and the Navy. And ask an originalist what the original intent was with respect to the Second Amendment's use of the term "arms." The founders had no concept of assault rifles or machine guns, let alone nerve gas, laser-guided bombs, predator drones, or nuclear weapons. How do we impose an intention on them to assert what they could not have foreseen, namely, that ordinary householders in the 21st century should have a personal, constitutional right to be able to obliterate a small army in a matter of seconds, based on the founders' notions about the 18th century saber, musket or pistol? Likewise, the Eleventh Amendment says nothing to prohibit a person from suing her own state - just other states. Yet even "textualists" read an unwritten provision into the Eleventh Amendment because it suits their view of how "sovereign" the states should be. When given this kind of a taste of their own medicine, originalists collapse in helpless sputtering and exasperation. Exposed to Strauss' very sensible discussion, the concerns of originalists reflect opportunism and disingenuousness. After all, we should not expect lawyers and judges to become armchair historians, especially under the time pressures of litigation and in the face of hotly contested issues. We should not pretend the founders had some monolithic intent, least of all with respect to matters of which they had no concept. And as Jefferson pointed out, the relationship of one generation to another is like that of one sovereign nation to another: we cannot expect to bind future generations by the intentions of people who are long since dead. In short, there will always be those who resist change and those who welcome it. If you really want to see "judicial activism" at work, you will not find much of it in the common law tradition. A far better example is the recent decision - by the so-called conservatives on the Supreme Court - in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 18, 2010
B
Verified Purchase
Benjamin Douglass
Phoenix, US
★★★★★ 5
An Excellent Read
Format: Kindle
The author talks about our constitution as a "living document" and expertly draws the distinction between this and the originalist interpretation as a "dead document."
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Reviewed in the United States on October 5, 2018

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