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Description
Mouse IL-4 ELISA KitProduct Specification Theory Double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used in this kit. Specific anti mouse IL 4 antibody was precoated on a high affinity microplate. The standard substance, test sample and biotinylated detection antibody were added into the well of microplate. After incubation, IL 4 present in the sample combined with solid phase antibody and detection antibody to form immune complexes. After washing to remove
Product Specification
| Theory | Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used in this kit. Specific anti-mouse IL-4 antibody was precoated on a high-affinity microplate. The standard substance, test sample and biotinylated detection antibody were added into the well of microplate. After incubation, IL-4 present in the sample combined with solid-phase antibody and detection antibody to form immune complexes. After washing to remove the unbound material, the horseradish peroxidase-labeled Streptavidin-HRP was added. After washing, the chromogenic substrate was added and the color was developed in the dark. The reaction was terminated by adding the termination solution, and the absorbance value was measured at 450nm wavelength (reference correction wavelength 540nm or 570nm). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Interleukin-4 (IL-4), also known as B cell stimulating factor 1, is a monomeric cytokine of about 18-20 kda that has pleiotropic effects in immune responses. The precursor of mouse IL-4 is 140 amino acids, including a 20-amino acid signal peptide and a 120-amino acid mature chain. IL-4 contains three N-linked glycosylation potential sites, three intra-chain disulphide bonds, and its structure is a bundled tetra-α-spirochetes. Similar to human IL-4, mouse IL-4 has a small selective splicer. "Unlike human IL-4, the expression of this spliceosome is thought to be low and of little significance." The amino acid sequence of mature mouse IL-4 shared 43% and 63% identity with human and rat IL-4, respectively. Studies have shown that the activities of human, mouse and rat IL-4 are species specific. IL - 4 by toward Th2 CD4 + T cells, basophils and mast cells and NKT cells, gamma delta T cells with eosinophilic cells expressed. IL - 4 has played a key role in type 2 immune reaction, can promote the Th2 differentiation and B cell secretory immunoglobulin G1 and immunoglobulin E subtypes. IL-4 causes Th2 differentiation by binding to type I or type II receptor complexes containing IL-4 receptor alpha subunits coupled to the γ chain or IL13Rα1, respectively. IL - 4 by cell surface receptors of different dimers, activate JAK family of protein complex amino acid kinase, cause its cytoplasm C phosphorylation. This triggers the recruitment and phosphorylation of STAT6. The phosphorylation and conformational changes of STAT6 lead to dimerization, nuclear translocation, binding and transcriptional activation of STAT6 target genes, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and Th2-specific cytokines GATA3 and c-Maf. On the function, IL - 4 B cell proliferation, survival, and promote mice immune globulin class into IgG1 and IgE, promote the mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils start and chemokines, promote Th2 phenotype naive CD4 + cells, and promote the epithelial cell proliferation and activation. IL-4 is also an important cytokine in tumor immunology. In early experiments in mice, the researchers found that IL-4 had potent anti-tumor abilities. Mice reject tumors expressing IL-4 and develop long-term antitumor immunity. This may be due to the antiangiogenic effect of IL-4 or its ability to activate, select for CD8+T cells. "Paradoxically, emerging evidence suggests that IL-4 is a tumor-promoting molecule, and therefore, IL-4 is a reverse-acting cytokine." "A possible explanation is that IL-4 induces upregulation of antiapoptotic molecules in tumor cells and downregulation of cytolytic molecules in CD8+T cells." In addition, tumor-produced IL-4 is also thought to act on local tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to induce the secretion of cathepsins that promote cell migration. |
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| General Notes | 1. Please use the kit within the validity period. 2. Components of different kits and different batch kits should not be mixed. 3. If the sample value is greater than the highest value of the standard curve, the sample should be diluted with (1×) The samples were diluted and retested. "If the cell culture supernatant sample needs to be diluted in a distributed manner, cell culture medium may be used for intermediate dilutions, except for the last step when diluent is used." 4. The difference of the test results can be caused by a variety of factors, including the operation of the experimenter, the use of the pipettor, the washing technique, the reaction time or temperature, the storage of the kit, etc. 5. The termination solution in the kit is acidic. Please protect your glasses, hands, face and clothes when using it. 6. For scientific research only, not for in vitro diagnosis. |
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| Storage Temp. | Unopened kit, 2-8° C Storage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 15.6pg/mL-1000pg/mL |
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4.8 ★★★★★
Based on 20 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Great book
Format: Kindle
I absolutely feel in love with all 4 characters!!! The bedroom scenes were 🌋🌡🔥🔥🔥. I couldn't put this book down!!! I'm hooked for the whole series Book 2 here I come!!!!! Its a fun easy book and story to read!!
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on October 4, 2024
★★★★★ 4
Fun with a late blooming omega
Format: Kindle
I like this book. The story is fun, cute, and sexy. There's just a little drama, some excellent, steamy scenes, and a fairly good relationship building storyline. I especially like how all the main characters are a bit older than the usual 20 somethings I tend to see in this kind of book.
Having said that, I wish there were more descriptions of the places, as well as the food in the fancy restaurant. I enjoyed the cocktails at the club, so I missed that kind of detail when Gray took Madison on a dinner date. I also wish there had been more interaction between Lucas and Madison, and Lucas and Rian. It felt a bit lopsided, with a focus on Rian, Madison, and Gray.
I wish it had been proofread - there are a lot of typos, but nothing too distracting.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 12, 2022
★★★★★ 3
Madison Deserved Better
Format: Kindle
Madison was a beta...except she wasn't any longer. She was a late presenting Omega. And she was struggling. She was tall and thin, not tiny and curvy. She was opinionated. She was everything an Omega was not. After suffering through her first heat, her friends took her to Ardor, a club where Omegas came to safely find Alphas. She's not expecting much but then she connects with a sexy beta. And when she meets his Alphas, they set her body on fire. Maybe, she's found her no-strings-attached heat pack. Maybe, she's found something more.
I could not connect with the characters in this book, so their story never resonated with me. And there was no love story; there was sex. Grey made it clear from the beginning that he had a true love and it was his beta boy, Rian. He went so far as to reassure Rian “Say the word, I’ll never touch her again. Lucas can put the babies in her. I only need you, beta boy”. So, Madison was there for babies, no emotions needed. Nice. No, thank you. I want the Omega to be the center of their world, not an incubator. Lucas and Rian weren't any better. After her heat, they let her leave. Not one of them made her feel valued. No one gave her a reason to stay or even offered a cuddle. And the sex didn't even come across as mind-blowing. Madison deserved better.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 11, 2025
★★★★★ 5
No breakup, very sweet, instalove
Format: Kindle
Omegaverse and doesn't disappoint! Sweet guys, newly Omega FMC. The boyfriends are boyfriends. What's not to love? No angst, no breakup.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 23, 2025
★★★★★ 4
Pretty Darn Good
Format: Kindle
So I’ve been on a omega kick and this definitely hit the spot. Madison was frustrating at times with how she acted towards Lucas, Gray, and Rian. It was like she said towards the end, she didn’t believe she deserved nice things.
It would have been nice to hear from her best friends again. They kind of were there in the beginning and the gone except for mention of text messages received from them. I feel like her friends would have been great help in encouraging Madison to go with the pack and never give Brent another chance because he was toxic.
I loved Rian. His personality was awesome. His humor. His ability to make Madison comfortable whenever she was feeling overwhelmed. And the fact he fell for her and she fell for him first. They are cute together.
I do feel like Lucas was the odd man out though. Like Lucas didn’t develop as much of a relationship with Madison. I would have really liked to see more development in the relationship between them. It was also the same with him and Rian. There is really no relationship displayed. Most of the relationship being displayed is between Rian and Gray.
Nevertheless, I loved reading about the dynamic that came to fruition during the entirety of this story. Madison finally got her happiness. And Brent finally got punched in the face. Everyone got exactly what they deserve.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 6, 2022
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